Removable Appliances In Orthodontics: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Removable appliances have played a pivotal role in orthodontics for over a century, serving as essential tools for interceptive treatment, functional modification, retention, and minor tooth movements. Despite the increasing dominance of fixed appliances and digitally driven aligner systems, removable devices continue to hold significant clinical value due to their affordability, ease of fabrication, and suitability for pediatric and interceptive orthodontics. This review comprehensively explores the historical development, classification, design principles, biomechanics, clinical applications, advantages, and limitations of removable appliances. The article also compares their efficiency with fixed appliances, highlighting the compliance-dependent nature and limited biomechanical capabilities of removable devices. Recent advances such as CAD/CAM technologies, 3D printing, and clear aligners have expanded their scope, bridging traditional appliance designs with modern digital orthodontics. Evidence from key studies supports their role in growth modification, habit interception, and retention. Looking ahead, innovations in artificial intelligence, biomaterials, and aligner technologies are expected to further integrate removable appliances into contemporary orthodontic practice. Overall, removable appliances remain indispensable adjuncts to comprehensive orthodontic care, particularly in interceptive and functional applications.