Fundamentals of Aligner Therapy: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Aligner therapy has emerged as a widely accepted orthodontic treatment modality, driven by digital advancements, advanced material science, and changing patient priority for esthetic and comfortable options of  treatment. The use of aligner therapy is initiated from early vacuum-formed appliances to modern computer-aided design and manufacturing based clear aligner systems, which provide more precise and accurate tooth movement. Clinical indications for aligner treatment include mild to moderate malocclusions cases such as crowding, spacing, minor rotations, and relapse cases, while these are not advised in cases requiring complex orthodontic movements, need significant vertical control, severe skeletal discrepancy cases, and cases with poor patient compliance.  As the aligners are removable, which means patients could eat, brush, and floss as normal, without having to navigate around brackets and wires. The future of clear aligner therapy looks promising, since advancements in 3D printing and digital scanning technology are making it possible to create even more precise and accurate treatment plans. This comprehensive review outlines the fundamental aspects of aligner therapy including historical evolution of aligners, clinical indications, contraindications, and the materials used. Understanding the advantages and limitations of different materials is essential for optimal treatment planning and predictable outcomes.