Maxillofacial Prosthetics: An Expanded Review

Abstract

Maxillofacial prosthetics is a specialized branch of prosthodontics dedicated to the rehabilitation of patients with congenital, acquired, or developmental defects of the head and neck region. These defects may result from trauma, surgery for cancer, or congenital anomalies, leading to significant functional, aesthetic, and psychological challenges. This expanded review highlights the scope, advancements, and clinical significance of maxillofacial prosthetics in restoring form and function. It discusses various types of prostheses—including orbital, auricular, nasal, and intraoral prostheses—along with recent innovations in materials such as medical-grade silicones, digital scanning, CAD/CAM technology, and 3D printing that have revolutionized fabrication accuracy and patient comfort. The review also explores the interdisciplinary approach involving surgeons, prosthodontists, and technologists, which is vital for successful outcomes. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the psychosocial impact of rehabilitation and the importance of patient-centered care. Through continued research and technological integration, maxillofacial prosthetics continues to evolve, offering improved esthetics, functionality, and quality of life for affected individuals.