Review On Arch Form In Orthodontics

Abstract

The dental arch form is a fundamental concept in orthodontics, representing the three-dimensional arrangement of teeth within the alveolar bone of the maxilla and mandible. Arch form influences esthetics, function, stability, and treatment planning. Over the last century, orthodontists and researchers have proposed multiple theories, classifications, and models to describe and preserve arch form. Despite advances in appliances and digital customization, controversies continue regarding whether arch form should be preserved, modified, or standardized. This review explores the historical background, classification systems, factors influencing arch form, biomechanical implications, population variations, clinical significance, controversies, and modern advancements in digital orthodontics. It highlights the role of arch form in treatment stability and provides a future perspective for research and clinical application