Peripheral Nerve Injuries In The Orofacial Region: Classification, Etiology And Prosthodontic Management

Abstract

This article reviews the classification and management of peripheral nerve injuries in the orofacial region. It details the severity-based systems (Seddon and Sunderland), defining Neurapraxia, Axonotmesis, and Neurotmesis. Etiology includes trauma from dental injections (mechanical, hematoma, neurotoxicity) and chronic pressure from dentures. Specialized prosthodontic management protocols are presented for patients with cranial nerve pathologies, such as Bell's Palsy (Facial Nerve VII) and Trigeminal Neuralgia (Trigeminal Nerve V). Critical criteria for safe dental implant placement in the mandible are outlined, emphasizing the mandatory 2 mm safety zone above the mental nerve.