Integrating Blockchain into Healthcare: An In-Depth Review of Practical Uses and Optimization Strategies

Abstract

Block chain technology has emerged as a transformative tool in addressing longstanding issues in healthcare, including data interoperability, security, and patient-centric control. This review explores the practical applications of block chain across healthcare domains such as electronic health records (EHRs), clinical trials, supply chain management, and telemedicine. It critically analyzes system-level challenges related to scalability, privacy, regulatory compliance, and integration with legacy systems. Furthermore, the study highlights optimization strategies including hybrid architectures, off-chain storage, consensus algorithm enhancements, and interoperability frameworks. By synthesizing current advancements and identifying areas for future development, this review offers a comprehensive roadmap for stakeholders seeking to implement block chain-based solutions within the healthcare ecosystem.