Recent Advances In Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery Systems A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The evolution of nanotechnology has significantly transformed pharmaceutical sciences, offering novel platforms for targeted, efficient, and safe drug delivery. Nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions enhance therapeutic efficacy by improving solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs. These systems have shown particular promise in the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, neurological disorders, and in the development of modern vaccines. However, challenges including scale-up, regulatory approval, and long-term safety must still be addressed. This review summarizes the mechanisms, types, applications, and regulatory aspects of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (NDDS), and discusses future prospects in the context of personalized and precision medicine.