Maintenance and Operation of Francis Turbine

Abstract

The Francis turbine is one of the most widely used hydraulic turbines in hydroelectric power generation due to its efficiency, reliability, and adaptability to a wide range of heads and flow rates. Proper operation and maintenance of Francis turbines are critical to ensuring optimal performance, prolonged service life, and minimal downtime. This paper examines the operational principles of the Francis turbine, highlighting key performance parameters, control strategies, and efficiency considerations. It further explores common maintenance practices, including routine inspections, lubrication, cavitation monitoring, wear assessment, and preventive maintenance schedules. Special attention is given to the role of condition monitoring systems and predictive maintenance techniques using modern technologies such as vibration analysis and thermal imaging. The study emphasizes that effective maintenance and operation strategies not only enhance the turbine’s efficiency but also contribute significantly to the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of hydroelectric power plants.