Correlation Of Hormonal Profiles In Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos)

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Hormonal disturbances, such as elevated luteinizing hormone (LH), increased testosterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), along with insulin resistance, contribute to the metabolic and reproductive challenges of PCOS. This study explores the correlation between various hormonal parameters in PCOS to better understand the hormonal interplay in this disorder.A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2025 at Life Line Ludhiana, involving 500 women aged 18-40 years diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, adrenal disorders, and recent use of hormonal medications. Hormonal assays were performed to measure LH, FSH, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate (DHEAS), AMH, fasting insulin, and glucose. Insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to assess relationships between hormonal parameters. The study included 500 women with a mean age of 27.8 ± 5.4 years and a BMI of 28.3 ± 4.6 kg/m². 82% of participants had oligo/anovulation, and 75% exhibited biochemical hyperandrogenism.Hormonal assays revealed elevated LH (12.4 IU/L), testosterone (78.5 ng/dL), AMH (7.2 ng/mL), and fasting insulin (18.6 µIU/mL), indicating significant metabolic dysfunction.Significant positive correlations were observed between LH, total testosterone, and AMH (r = 0.38–0.45, p < 0.001). Fasting insulin strongly correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.98, p < 0.001), and a moderate correlation was found between insulin and testosterone (r = 0.35, p < 0.001).Subgroup analysis by BMI showed that overweight/obese women had significantly higher insulin and HOMA-IR levels compared to normal-weight women, with a stronger correlation between insulin and testosterone in the overweight/obese group.This study demonstrates significant positive correlations between LH, total testosterone, AMH, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS. These associations were notably amplified in overweight/obese individuals, emphasizing the role of excess adiposity in worsening insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. The findings support the importance of integrated management strategies that address both metabolic and reproductive aspects of PCOS.