Obturation Techniques In Endodontics: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Successful endodontic therapy depends on effective cleaning, shaping, and three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system. Obturation involves filling and sealing the root canal space with suitable materials to prevent microbial leakage and reinfection. Various obturation techniques have been introduced to improve sealing ability and adaptation to canal irregularities. Traditional techniques such as cold lateral condensation remain widely used due to their simplicity and predictability, whereas modern techniques including warm vertical compaction, thermo plasticized injectable systems, carrier-based obturation, and bioceramic-based hydraulic condensation aim to achieve superior three-dimensional filling of the canal system. Each technique has advantages and limitations depending on canal anatomy, operator skill, and available equipment. This review discusses the principles, materials, classification, advantages, and limitations of various obturation techniques used in modern endodontics.