Hazards In MRI Settings: A Cross-sectional Study Of Adverse Incidents And RiskFactors In Diagnostic Centers Across Punjab

Abstract

Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered a safe diagnostic tool when appropriate safety protocols are followed. However, significant hazards can occur due to lapses in screening, poor infrastructure, and inadequate staff training. In India, particularly in Punjab, limited data exist on the prevalence and causes of MRI-related safety incidents.

Objective: To investigate the types, frequency, and causes of MRI-related hazards across public and private diagnostic centers in Punjab and to identify risk factors and institutional preparedness in managing such incidents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted across 30 MRI facilities in Punjab, involving 120 MRI personnel, including technologists, radiologists, and support staff. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and an observation checklist. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests, while open-ended responses were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results: Projectile incidents (40.8%) were the most frequently reported hazard, followed by patient burns (31.7%), contrast media reactions (22.5%), and acoustic damage (20.0%). Inadequate screening (55.0%) and poor staff training (48.3%) were the most cited causes. Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between facility type and projectile events (p = 0.012), and between facility location and safety infrastructure such as zoning (p = 0.020) and ferromagnetic screening (p = 0.005). Thematic analysis revealed three major issues: lack of regular training, administrative neglect, and inconsistent protocol enforcement.

Conclusion: The study underscores the urgent need for stronger institutional safety practices, especially in public and rural facilities. Policy reforms should focus on mandatory training, protocol standardization, investment in safety infrastructure, and the creation of a national incident-reporting registry to improve MRI safety across India.